They have been excluded from all analyses in this chapter. In 2019/20, 7,002 prisoners completed the survey of which 694 were female. The relative proportion of male and female victims has remained consistent over the last five years[footnote 20]. This difference is likely to be linked to the greater seriousness of offences typically dealt with at the Crown Court. For both sexes, the child custody rate has remained broadly stable since 2015, at 8% for males and 2% for females. Source: GCSE and equivalent results in England: 2014 to 2015 (revised) Characteristics national tables: Table CH1: GCSE and equivalent entries and achievements of pupils and the end of key stage 4 by pupil characteristics. Youth custody report November 2017 and youth custody data for November 2017 published. Perceptions of the Criminal Justice System. This is reflected in the higher proportion of females remanded in custody who were sentenced to immediate custody at magistrates court, 17% in 2019 compared to 13% for males. Her Majestys Prison and Probation Service (HMPPS) Equalities report was also released on the same day as this report. Among young females who were dealt with by a community penalty, 90% had a record of persistent absence, compared to 82% of young males; a 9 percentage point difference. Females reported better conditions and facilities than males regarding: having their own cell, clean clothes, clean sheets, relationships with staff and contacting family and friends. Overall personal crime rates continue to decrease from 2015/16. Please note that the data for the Open Data for June 2021 has been amended. As with personal crime, a greater proportion of males were victims, than females (3.6% and 1.4%, respectively). Some of the proportions presented in this analysis are based on small sample sizes so care should be taken when comparing results for different genders. Monthly statistics on the population in custody of children and young people within secure childrens homes (SCHs), secure training centres (STCs) and young offender institutions (YOIs). It will take only 2 minutes to fill in. In comparison, 21,500 males were remanded in custody at the Crown Court for indictable offences: 72% of these were White, 14% were Black, 7% were Asian, 4% were Mixed and 2% were Chinese and Other. Offenders with 1 to 14 previous cautions or convictions accounted for 51% of all offenders in 2019, 86% were male, compared to 14% who were female. , This section looks at indictable offences only. , A young person may be eligible to claim for FSM if they or their family meet certain criteria related to their income and benefits received. Among both adult female and male offenders, the reoffending rate was highest for those aged 35 to 39 at 30.4% and 34.4%, respectively. For each age range from 21 and over, males consistently had a larger number of prosecutions (approximately three times more). , Where sex is known. Youth custody data for June 2017 published. separation. Of those sentenced, a consistently higher proportion of female offenders were fined and had a lower average fine than male offenders over the last 5 years. These figures had also reduced significantly from the previous year (males: 13.8%; females: 7.1%). In homicides where the principal suspect was known to the victim, 67% of cases with female victims suspected the partner/ex-partner. Youth custody data for July 2015 published. Statistics on PSRs are published alongside Offender Management Statistics. Figure 5.10: Proportion of offenders sentenced, by sentencing outcome and sex, 2019, Sentencing outcomes for indictable offences. The greater tendency for female first time offenders to be cautioned or convicted for theft aligns with trends for offenders more generally, as discussed in Chapter 4: Police Activity. In 2019, the custody rate for these offences was 46% for females and 72% for males. Across all disposals, a larger proportion of young males had a record of receiving a fixed period exclusion compared to young females. This difference is driven by female offenders receiving shorter average custodial lengths than males. In 2019/20, there was a significant difference between males (63.4%) and females (57.3%) who perceived the Criminal Justice System to be fair, as seen in previous years. In 2019/20, 2.6% of all children were victims of violent crime. The statistics reported in this bulletin are primarily National Statistics[footnote 1], as drawn from either other published National Statistics bulletins or the data underpinning them. If you use assistive technology (such as a screen reader) and need a These proportions have remained constant over the last 5 years. The age distribution of female and male defendants is broadly similar. , We were only able to match data on those children who are both in DfE and MoJ datasets so cannot provide analysis specifically for non-offenders with these characteristics. Other sources in this chapter include Criminal Courts Statistics and Legal Aid Statistics. Drunk and disorderly accounted for the highest proportion of PNDs issued for both males and females in 2019. Data on PSRs relates to those aged 18 or older and all offence types. In 2018/19, 671 homicides took place; 64% of victims were male and 36% were female. In 2019, there were 72,200 first receptions into prison, of which 90% were male and 10% were female. , Remands data in this section are based on the Crown Courts decision on whether a defendant prosecuted for a criminal offence, should during the court proceeding go on to be placed in custody or released on bail. Intimate reflects the nature of the relationship between victim and perpetrator or the nature or the abuse itself. Prison law comprised less than 1% of the female and 3% of the male workload; both proportions have remained steady in the last 5 years but reflect falling prison population figures. Further information on other strands of defendants prosecuted for domestic abuse, rape and child abuse can be found in the CPS Quarterly Data Summaries Quarter 4 2019/20[footnote 6]. It will take only 2 minutes to fill in. , Indictable offences are more serious offences that may (if triable-either-way) or must (if indictable only) be passed on to the Crown Court; while summary offences are typically less serious and almost always dealt with entirely in magistrates courts. The total prison population as at 30 June 2019[footnote 60] was 82,700. Topics include: Prison Population, Youth Custody, Unsentenced prison remand population, Sentences served in prison (type and length) Receptions and Releases, Her Majestys Inspectorate for Prisons (HMIP) survey[footnote 59], Self-harm in custody, Probation (Community Orders and Suspended Sentence Orders). CJS_Statistics@justice.gov.uk. Male children reported a significantly higher proportion of being a victim of a CSEW crime at 9.0%, compared to 4.0% of females[footnote 7][footnote 8]. Figure 6.01: Prison population, by sex, June 2015 to June 2019. , Where sex is known. A consistently lower proportion of female defendants entered a guilty plea over the last 5 years, at 66% in 2019 compared to 71% of male defendants. This publication is licensed under the terms of the Open Government Licence v3.0 except where otherwise stated. See accompanying technical guide for further details. Here are a few examples, per the U.S. Census Bureau's 2020 study: 41.6% of custodial mothers are 40 years old or older. Over the last 5 years, there have been increases in female representation across almost all CJS organisations and in the proportion of senior staff. TV licence evasion made up 30% of all female convictions, compared to 4% of male convictions. Figure 4.03: Number of Penalty Notices for Disorder issued, by sex, 2015 to 2019. Youth custody data for April 2018 published. In homicides where the principal suspect was known to the victim, 67% of cases with female victims suspected the partner/ex-partner[footnote 21], whereas when the victim was male, only 9% of cases suspected the partner/ex-partner. Youth custody report for February 2016 published. , Please note that the spacing of the time period displayed does not align with the actual time scale, for example the time between sentenced to custody for 0-1 month is smaller than 6 to 12 months. Compared to male offenders, a larger proportion of female offenders were prosecuted for summary offences, which may account for this difference. (Bieber, 2020) It normally takes one year to complete a divorce. The ACSL for male offenders in 2019 was 19.7 months compared to 11.3 months for female offenders. This offence accounted for 30% of all female convictions, compared to 4% of male convictions. Three-year time series refers to 2016/17 to 2018/19. A higher proportion of females also reported having a child under 18. Figure 7.01 Proportion of prosecutions for indictable offences by sex and ethnic group, England and Wales, 2019. Documents fulfilling this requirement have been published since 1992, in the form of statistical information. Figure 3.01: Percentage of adults who were victims of personal crime, by type, year ending March 2019. When a suspect is formally charged, they are brought before a magistrates court (as a defendant) as soon as possible. Where figures have been published, links are provided as part of the text and tables. , Department of Work and Pensions benefits statistics. Of the 62,800 offenders released from prison sentences in 2019, 91% were male and 9% female. GillespieShields. This includes those aged under 18 and 18 year olds. The most disturbing though, 27% of fathers have no contact with their children. Detail how users will be informed of the need for revisions. Tests for statistical significance are published in the Victims tables alongside this report. Fines accounted for 34% of females sentenced in 2019 and 33% received a community sentence, compared with 44% and 30% for males. Females had a higher cautioning rate for indictable offences (20%) and a lower rate for summary offences (4%) compared to males (14% and 9% respectively) in 2019. Figure 7.03: Average Custodial Sentence Lengths (ACSL) for indictable offences by sex and ethnic group, England and Wales, 2019. , The custody rate is the proportion of all offenders sentenced to immediate custody, out of all sentencing outcomes. The most common sentence for indictable benefit fraud offences was a community sentence, received by 51% of females and 53% of males sentenced in 2019. Youth custody data for January 2016 published. Within the Ministry of Justices statistical publications there can be three main reasons for statistics to be revised: Changes in how either source administrative systems collect information or a change in statistical methodology to improve accuracy and measurement. , If enforcement officers suspect a household of watching or recording live TV without a valid licence and are not able to contact anyone at the property by letter or by telephone, they visit the household in person. Of all cautions issued in 2019, 55% were for indictable offences, a proportion which has been increasing over the last 5 years, from 49% in 2015. Custodial Mothers and Fathers and Their Child Support: 1999 October 2002 In the spring of 2000, an estimated 13.5 million parents had custody of 21.7 million children under 21 years of age whose other parent lived somewhere else. Figure 8.02 Change in female prosecutions for indictable offences, by offence group England and Wales, 2015 to 2019, Figure 8.02: Summary offences with the highest proportion of female convictions, England and Wales, 2019. The proportion of young females who had been permanently excluded and sentenced to a fine was 9%, compared to 15% for young males, a 6 percentage point difference. Young male offenders had a higher proportion with SEN with a statement[footnote 105] overall (17%), compared to young female offenders (7%). Females of all age groups were more likely to experience domestic abuse than males. Figure 5.07: Remand status at Crown Court, by sex, 2015 to 2019, Outcomes for defendants remanded in custody at Crown Court. Similarly, we refer to females / males and women / men in this report, as a reflection of the binary classification in use. most serious) remand status. Youth custody report for March 2015 published. News stories, speeches, letters and notices, Reports, analysis and official statistics, Data, Freedom of Information releases and corporate reports. TV licence evasion was the most common offence for which females were convicted in 2019. In 2019, 74% of those convicted for TV licence evasion were female. The proportion of convicted offenders who were female was 27% in 2019 and has remained stable over the last 5 years. In 2019/20, violence against the person and theft offences accounted for the largest proportion of arrests for both males and females. Youth custody statistics for October 2013 published. , Lancashire Constabulary and Greater Manchester Police were unable to supply complete data for 2018/19 and for 2019/20 respectively. It considers how these experiences have changed over time and how they contrast to the typical experiences of males. These offences accounted for a larger proportion of female arrests, whereas drug offences and sexual offences accounted for larger proportions of male arrests. in the 14 years to March 2019, the number of young people in youth custody went down in every ethnic group. The proportion of all young offenders in the matched cohort that achieved any pass in their GCSEs (or equivalents) was high; 80% for males and 83% for females. The number of individuals formally dealt with by the CJS includes defendants prosecuted at magistrates court and individuals given a caution or Penalty Notice for Disorder (PND). As at 30 June 2019, 5% of the prison population were female, this proportion has remained stable for the last 5 years. The majority of female homicides took place in or around a house/dwelling (71%), whereas only 39% of male homicides took place here. In 2019/20, 640,000 arrests were carried out by police in England and Wales, which has remained stable over the last 3 years following a previously downward trend. 18% of single mothers have a college degree or higher 27% of single fathers are between the ages of 15 & 29 29% of single fathers are African American 28% of single mothers are African American 36% of single fathers live at or below the poverty line 43% of single mothers live at or below the poverty line The overall ACSL (where sex is known) has been increasing over the last 5 years, from 16.3 months in 2015 to 19.0 months in 2019. Between 2015 and 2019, offenders of unknown sex comprised less than 1% of offenders. The disparity in convictions for these offences may reflect the fact that females make up a slightly larger proportion of benefit claimants[footnote 118]. , Out of court disposals available to the police and CPS in 2019 included: simple and conditional cautions; cannabis and khat warnings; penalty notices for disorder (PNDs); and community resolutions. , Fast Delivery PSR (oral) The Criminal Justice Act 2003 removed the requirement for all PSRs to be written. A higher proportion of female children were remanded on bail (72%) than male children (38%). There are also sections covering statistics on out of court disposals which come from the Criminal Justice Statistics Quarterly: December 2019, published by the Ministry of Justice, and experimental pilot data from national Liaison and Diversion services, as supplied by NHS England. May in certain circumstances also be suitable when the Court is considering custody. , Guidance to National Probation Service staff on proposing suspended sentence orders (SSO) changed in 2018, which led to substantial drops in the numbers of SSOs proposed in 2018 and 2019 resulting in volumes too low for a robust comparison. 5 or more GCSEs (or equivalents) graded A* to C, including English & Maths. Youth custody report for April 2016 published. , See technical guide for more information on what this service covers. , See technical guide for more information on PNDs. This is the latest biennial compendium of Statistics on Women and the Criminal Justice System and follows its sister publication Statistics on Race and the Criminal Justice System published last year. , In this chapter, children refers to those aged 10 to 15 unless stated otherwise. , In some cases, such as in the prison population, the age band for children is defined differently. , Data on Prison Population uses the 30 June 2019 snapshot from the Offender management statistics quarterly: January to March 2019. , 3% of young people identified as intersex or did not disclose this information. In 2019, male children had an ACSL of 19.1 months and female children had an ACSL of 19.0 months. In the absence of any court outcome, the principal suspect is either the person considered by the police to be the most involved in the homicide or the suspect with the closest relationship to the victim. This file may not be suitable for users of assistive technology. This was considerably lower than the proportion of pupils achieving this attainment level for the overall pupil population (including both offenders and non-offenders) in 2013/14[footnote 94] (62% for young females and 52% for young males) and 2014/15[footnote 95] (62% for young females and 53% for young males). All official statistics should comply with all aspects of the Code of Practice for Statistics. Statistics show that women are awarded child custody in nearly 90 percent of all cases. In 2019, 96% of child custodial sentences were given to male children[footnote 84]. For each offence, the proportion of those who were sentenced to immediate custody was lower for female offenders than for males. The proportion of ineffective and cracked trials was higher for females (20% and 37%) than males (16% and 33%) in 2019.