The major castes living in Pokhara are Brahmins, Chhetris, Gurungs, Magars and Dalits, mainly following Buddhist and Hindu religions. The social structure of caste-origin Hill Hindu or Khas groups is simple compared to the other two societies, reflecting only three groups in hierarchy, with the distinct absence of the Vaishya and Shudra varnas. Madhusudan Subedi. Different surnames are Lohani, Dudh Pokharel, Panthi, Panta, Niraula, Wagle, Pandey, Subedi, Thapaliya, Jamarkattel, Shiwakoti. Then the mans special relationship with his ideals is raised, a special place in this mandala also has three species of animals associated with man a cow, a dog and a crow. New divisions and differences have given rise to new antagonisms and social norms. Caste, State, and Ethnic Boundaries in Nepal. There were 12 Basnyats, 16 Pandes, 6 Thapas and 3 Kunwar officers totalling to 51 Chhetri officers in the year 1841 A.D.[19] The most prominent officers at Shah administration were the Kazis which had control over civil and military functions like a Minister and Military officer combined. [7] They make up 16.6% of Nepal's population according to the 2011 Nepal census, making them the most populous caste or ethnic community in Nepal. Basnyat, Pande and Thapas were most powerful Chhetri groups led by Shivaram Singh Basnyat, Kalu Pande and Birbhadra Thapa at the Unification of Nepal. Dieting rules for Kshetri were decided by Kshetri Birandala (brotherhood). Though Nepal is a small country, it comprises various types of traditional dance. Class, Caste or Location? Most houses have porches and courtyards where people socialize and do crafts such as weaving. Moreover, there are concerns about Sagotri marriage practice not just culturally/ morally but from a scientific point of view as well. Only the poorest families do not own land. - Few evangelicals, but many who identify as Christians. 150. [1], As per the Public Service Commission of Nepal, Brahmins (33.3%) and Chhetris (20.01%) were two largest caste group to obtain governmental jobs in the fiscal year 201718, even though 45% governmental seats are reserved for women, Madhesis, lower caste and tribes, and other marginalized groups. The Marwadi people have lived in Nepal for several hundred years. It is important here who is older, whos younger. enumerators interviewed 1072 adults from 14 districts of Nepal in March and April of . The legal recognition to caste and all the discriminatory laws made on the grounds of caste were ceased. Bratabandha Ceremony in Nepal What is it and How it Gunyo Cholo in Nepal Dress / Ceremony / Age, ()- Pachbhaiya (Maharashtra), ()- Patil (Maharashtra), () Bhandari (Thansinghe), ()- Bhandari (Suntakhane), ()- Rajopadhyaya (Suvedi), ()- Rajopadhyaya (Risala), ()- Rajopadhyaya (Rimal), () Rajopadhyay (Acharya), () Khoptari (Budhathoki), () Ghimire (Chitikhole), (/) Thapa (Bhandari/Bhandare), // Bharadwaj / Atri / Atreya, // Shandilya / Bharadwaja / Kaushik, // Bharadwaj/Atri/Atreya, // Kashyap/Gautam/Bhardwaj, / () Pokhrel/Pokharel (Dangali), (/) Bishta (Kharkhole/Ghyara), () Budhathoki (Shogari), () Budhathoki (Khaptari), () Bhandari (Thansinge), () Bhandari (Suntakhane), () Mahataro (Chhetriya), () Mahatara (Chhetriya), / () Chanyo/Chancho (Thakuri), / () Chan/Chand (Kama Unipyunani), ( ) Thakuri (Syangajali Khamdi), /( ) Thakunna/Thaguna (Sinha Thakuri), ( ) Bama (Rakse Thakuri), ( ) Bama (Chatyala Thakuri), ( ) Malla (Samala Thakuri), ( ) Malla (Parvate Thakuri), ( ) Malla (Doteli Thakuri), ( ) Malla (Achami Thakuri), / () Rana/Ranaji (Kunwar), ( ) Som Vanshi (Achhami Atrithakuri), ( ) Shah (Raskoti Thakuri), ( ) Shah (Meghali Thakuri), ( ) Shah (Kaskeli Khand), ( ) Shah (Kalyal Thakuri). Kshetri (Nepali: ) is considered a derivative form of the Sanskrit word Kshatriya. 25 Feb 2014 - codefornepal. According to the story given in the holy book of Bhagavad-Gita, it was cows milk that saved little Krishna from starvation when he was separated from his mother. [2][3] Hill-Kshetri, Kshetri, Chhetri, Pahadi Chhetri and Khas Kshetri are all used to denote this caste. Garga is another excellent sage in Hindu mythology. 117. There is a belief that people from the same Gotra descended from a common ancestor. Boys usually tend to the animals. They generally worship their clan deity (Kul Devta), friendly deity (Ishta Devta) and Khas Masto deities. While this is being said, we also have to acknowledge that this division of caste has created discrimination. During his formative years, Chhetri's family was living in austerity. The Chhetri are divided into many descent groups with names variously associated with place-names in the Karnali region or representing occupations. Among them, the district with the largest Chhetri population is Kathmandu district with 347,754 (i.e. So, to make this matter convenient, here we have come up with the lists of castes and their respective sub-castes which will make you crystal clear about the castes-related facts. One of the most excellent Rishis, according to Hindu sacred texts, is Kaundinya after whom the Gotra Kaudinya received its name. . However, this has not happened yet but we are hopeful. Data is not as precise as it appears. . Here's an article on gotra list with surnames in Nepal. Some of the biggest ethnicities are the Brahmin-Chhetri, Magars and Newars. The caste system defines social classes by a number of hierarchical endogamous groups often termed jaat. The National Report says, "Over the last 15-20 years, three groups, namely Sudi, Kalwar and Teli have socially upgraded their status from the water unacceptable to the water acceptable community within the Tarai origin Hindu caste groups."[14][15]. Surnames in Mandabya gotra include Panthi, Bajgai, Gyawali, Maskey, Katuwal, Bajhai. Nepal's Downtrodden: A nation struggles to find the way to relieve 4.5 million Dalits from the stigma of "untouchability". Of these, 99.9% spoke Nepali and 0.1% other languages as their first language. Dhananjaya gotra came from a Hindu Rishi Dhananjaya. Iijima, Shigeru. [3][4] Chhetri was a caste of administrators, governor and military elites in the medieval Khas Kingdom and Gorkha Kingdom (later unified Kingdom of Nepal). Brahmarshi Atri was one of the Sapta Rishis- the luminous sages in Hindu culture). Similarly, the Janajati has 32.0% (excluding Newars) of the total population of the country, has representation of 7.1%. Adhikari, Aidi, Ayer, Bagale, Bogati, Baruwal, Bohara, Balair, Bakheti, Batala, Balayer, Baniya, G.C. How Do Different People Assess Social Change In Nepal? [13], The case of Newr is exceptional. p. 6. All Brahmini and Chhetri are Hindu and profess most basic Hindu beliefs. Alphaltopi. Sanskrit verse from Geeta explains the basis of ethics Kshetris have derived from: . Another gotra Kashyap came to be from Rishi Kashyap. 19.9% of the total district population). The Kunwars were led by Ramkrishna Kunwar and Bista/Bisht were led by Gajabal Bista and Atibal Bista. Brahmin/Bahun: Adhikari. In Nepal, the Brahmin caste is traditionally considered to be one of the four main castes, along with Chhetri, Vaishya, and Sudra. Generally, the Parvate/Pahari (hilly) Kshatriyas are called as Kshetris or Khas Kshetris. Also, girls go through puberty rites and boys go through initiations known as "sacred thread ceremonies." Angira was a Vedic rishi known as the teacher of divine knowledge. Most surnames under Atreya Gotra includes Dawadi, Paudel, Rosyara, Sigdel, Sharma, Thapa, Bhatta, Duwadi, Aryal, Devkota, Dulal, Kalikote, Khadka, Pokharel. Before we delve into the list of Gotra and Thari in Nepal, lets find out what each term means in Hindu culture. It is a form of millennium old ancient worship continued till date. Among those 73.8% in higher education belong to the BCN, 22.0% Janajatis and 2.9% Dalit.[21]. 46, No. The nobility of the Gorkha Kingdom mainly originated from Chhetri families. January 19, 2022 . who wins student body president riverdale. Men meet then to make bets sometimes they pledge the rich jewelry of their wives and daughters, or their own homes. Kshetri are almost all Hindus as per 2011 Nepal census. For example; Those having maternal clan as Khilchine Adhikari Chhetri cannot marry in the clan of Khilchine Adhikari Bahun as there is brotherhood between these clans. Then there are prayers for harvest and prosperity for a given year. The fear of Inter-Caste Marriage in Nepal 5 reasons why it makes sense and 5 reasons why it does not! Kshetri commonly have warrior like deities as Bhadrakali, Kalika Bhawani and different forms of Goddess Kali as female deity and Rudra, Veerbhadra (ferocious forms of Shiva) as male deity. Pal would be Parbatiya Thakuri Bhul chhetri ra dalit kasari bhaya yo bisayama thap samagri bhaya janakari pauna hajur. In Nepal, the Brahmin caste is traditionally considered to be one of the four main castes, along with Chhetri, Vaishya, and Sudra. [20], Participation of Khas-Brahmins in the civil service is 41.3% in spite of its population size of 12.2%. The term "gotra" refers to a lineage or clan, and Brahmins are traditionally divided into a number of gotras, each of which is associated with a particular Hindu ancestor. Chicken, duck and goose are debatable and allowance is regionally dependent. Joshua Project occasionally adjusts profile text from third party sources. According to the 2011 census, 81.3% of the Nepalese population is Hindu, 9.0% are Buddhist, 4.4% are Muslim, 3.0% are Kiratist (indigenous ethnic religion), 1.4% are Christian, 0.1% are Sikhs, 0.1% are Jains and 0.7% follow other . He created the Gayatri Mantra. That caused Kunwars to rise to power and all Kshetris were thrown of power. [6], The earliest detailed record of the caste system in Nepal has been found in Kathmandu Valley from the 5th century CE during the Licchavi period (400-750 CE) with mentions of the presence of Brahmans (Vedic priests) and Chandala (untouchables). One of the most important Hindu festivals is the October Dashain or Durga Puja when the magnificence of Durga Kali in its ten-armed form is celebrated for two weeks. Chhetri was a caste of administrators, governor and military elites in the medieval Khas Kingdom and Gorkha Kingdom (later unified Kingdom of Nepal ). Gurung, H. (2005). Chhetri is the largest caste/ethnic groups having 16.6% (4,398,053) of the total population followed by Brahman-Hill (12.2%; 3,226,903), Magar (7.1% ; 1,887,733), . Am Gai. What Is your Surname? Other data may have varying ages. The Rautes have always referred to themselves as the Forest Thakuri. Other geography / data: GMI. Pokhara has become a cultural confluence of more than 80 different ethnic and caste groups ( Adhikari, 2000 ). Most surnames in Atri Gotra includes Arjel/ Arjyal, Bhatta, Chapagain, Khatiwoda, Ojha, Wosti, Gotama, Bam (Rakse Thakuri), Mishra, Adhikari. Then the cleansing ceremony is performed and the name is given. 1. Kshetris served as rulers, administrators, governors and warriors as per their Occupational caste. Nepalese villages consist of loosely grouped homes surrounded by farm land. [1], The Government of Nepal legally abolished the caste-system and criminalized any caste-based discrimination, including "untouchability" (the ostracism of a specific caste) - in 1963. [1] In Nepal's hill districts the Chhetri population rises to 41% compared to 31% Brahmin and 27% other castes. The above verse explains the duties, characters and behaviours of Kshatriya warrior. Many Kshetris triennially celebrate clanwise Masto deity worship called Dewali Puja. Series of Aryan migration to Kathmandu led to increased population and formation of a complex urban and caste-based society. We recommend against using %Christian Adherent and %Evangelical to calculate absolute numbers. The above-mentioned table clarifies that the majority of people i.e. Lixoti This stands true especially in this modern era where the distinction between them is getting blurred. Ask God to bless worship and intercession by Christians from other countries who come to prayer-walk in Nepal. The restructuring also yielded power to newly formed Malla aristocracy of the Chathariya Shrestha who formed the new powerful aristocratic caste of the Malla kingdom. [13], The social structure of the caste-origin Madhesi Hindu groups is complex, reflecting four varna groups with distinct hierarchical structure within them. Dalit Mahottari district during July-December, 2014. Warriorhood, governance, administration, honesty and integrity has been linked to Kshetris. [6] All of the Prime Minister of Nepal between 1768 and 1950 were Chhetris with the exception of Ranga Nath Poudyal, being a Brahmin. The Nepalese have many racial, cultural, and linguistic similarities to the people of northern India. In front of the house and sometimes on the floor of the room inside the house wonderful colorful pictures are created with the help of colorful sand or dyed rice flour, colored beans and flower petals as an invitation to the holy deities to the house. Answer (1 of 5): Bhandari is the titled surname given to those who were treasurer or store keepers in Nepal. During the next year, the shraddha ceremony, which must be carried out by the son of the deceased, is celebrated. [24], According to Professor Madhusudan Subedi, economic and political advancements have pushed the caste system to break its stagnancy and status quo. It is said that there are the main 8 gotras evolved from the Rishis (sages) who were mind-born sons of Bramha, one of the Hindu Trinity. This group presents a complicated social structure that not only reflects the model of four Hindu varna categories and the unclean castes outside of it, but it is also clearly divided among the upper and lower Buddhist castes. On the tenth day of Dashain there is a ritual in which every Hindu devotee expresses his respect for the elderly in his family and receives from them in response a colorful tikka on his forehead as a sign of blessing. [23] These number varied after the democratization of Nepal. The surnames which have Maudagalya gotra are Karki, Kuinkel, Upreti, Koirala, Simkhada, Timalsina. He had not sufficient money to pursue his goals. The Journal of Asian Studies, Vol. Nepali folk dance is the traditional dance which is performed in Nepal with the help of folk music and song. Similarly, girls also may add middle names like Kumari, Maya, etc. [16] The law also comprised Pryacitta (avoidance and removal of sin) and cra (the customary law of different castes and communities). Brahmin girls were traditionally married at the age of 11, and Chhetrich girls a few years later. After two weeks, a great feast takes place. [1] Among them, the district with largest Chhetri population is Kathmandu district with 347,754 (i.e. He gained prominence as a scholar in different languages in the Indian subcontinent. Ahntastic Adventures in Silicon Valley [26], The 2011 Nepal census recorded Chhetris as the largest Hindu adherents in the nation with 4,365,113 people which is 99.3% of total Chhetri population. Also Gandharva and Rakshas marriages are not allowed. Terai occupational castes Dhobi, Halkhor, Chamar, Dushad, Dom, Musahars, etc. Contact: maya@lifeofus.net. Chhetri is the largest caste/ethnic groups having 16.6% (4,398,053) of the total population followed by Brahman-Hill (12.2% ; 3,226,903).". In terms of earning/income generation, Newars have the highest per capita income of Rs. [28][29], Chhetris are largest caste group in 21 districts of Nepal as per 2001 Nepal census and 24 districts as per 2011 Nepal census. Regardless of which caste or ethnicity you belong to, it is just a form of identification but nothing more. [19], During the monarchy, Chhetris continued to dominate the ranks of the Nepalese government, Nepalese Army, Nepalese Police and administration. Recent research has also shown that when it comes to Nepali people's impressions of social change, "Poverty, Human Resources and Region" explain more of the variation than "Ethnicity, Caste or Religious belonging" i.e. p. 40. Not all Khas people have accepted this status, the remaining group of Matvali Chhetris, that is, those who drink liquor and are not the heirs of the sacred legacy. Khas Chhetri: 16.6: 2: Hill Brahmin/Bahun: 12.18: 3: Magar: 7.12: 4: Tharu: 6.56: Why was caste system created in Nepal? Historically, the caste system justified the subjugation of lower castes, allowing upper-caste Nepalis to use their status to gain security and power. Chhetri dominated the military forces of Shah dynasty of Nepal. Note that it is not always true- there are few exceptions. Patan Academy of Health Sciences. For example, Buddha Ratna Shakya in which Buddha is the first name, Ratna is the middle name and Shakya is a surname. A small proportion of Muslims also live in the city. This is connected with a few basic concepts in the Hindu religion: the first is dharma, meaning that everyone takes their place in the caste group, has a moral code and a code of conduct binding to him. Pray that God will encourage and strengthen the Nepalese who have converted to Christianity. . Most of the farmers raise buffalo and goats for meat and cows for milk. ethnic identity, or the caste system in Nepal. Classical dance, which happened in Nepal, is completely based on ancient culture and is founded for a . The surnames are Pade, Ghimire, Bogati, Budhathoki, Gartaula, Badal, Tiwari. They often opposed each other. Maithali language comes in the second position because it is spoken by 12.30% people of the total Nepalese. His tally of 84 puts him as the fifth-highest goalscorer jointly with Ferenc Pusks in the . Music, theater and fine arts have traditionally been the domain of other, usually lower, castes, and, with the exception of the educated residents of the cities, Brahmins and Chhetri are not interested in art. The Atri gotra came from Anasuya Devi and Brahmarshi Atri. In 1951AD, democracy was established and Kshetri rule were stopped. People of the mountain belt wear thick and long woolen clothes called Baku and Doha. There are also a number of larger towns where the important temples or monasteries are located. [34] The European Union has been accused of direct interference, creating ethnic strife and negative discrimination towards Khas Arya due to their recommendation to remove the reservation for Khas Aryas.[35][34]. Son of the rishi Atri, Bhardwaj is an honoured sage and among the Sapta Rishis. Most Kshetri families give goat sacrifices on either Maha Ashtami day or Maha Nawami day of Dashain festival. Dalits and Labour in Nepal: Discrimination and Forced Labour. Transliteration: Shauryam Tejo Dhritirdakshyam Yuddhe Chapyapalayanam. The Mahabharat is one of the two major Blue is the color of all-inclusiveness. Nepalese boys may have their middle names like Prasad, Bahadur, Maan, Kumar, Ratna, Mani, etc. This page was last changed on 2 September 2022, at 05:52. "Chapter 3. Tika airi chhetri on March 20, 2022. The groom should be several years older than the bride. Their simple, primitively decorated houses are an expression of the lack of artistic inspiration, although it is common knowledge that Brahmins like to dance and they know how. Nepal Profile. Thapa is an ancient Paikela (warrior) rank in the medieval Khasa Kingdom of Western Nepal. (2011). When they are about eight years old, the children begin doing domestic chores. Map Design: Joshua Project, Joshua Project data is drawn from many sources and of varying accuracy depending on source and editorial decisions. However, everyday home puja is usually made by a woman. As the Shah rulers conquered more territories and people, the concept of caste hierarchy more firmly applied as an organizing principle to consolidate diverse people under their authority. All first-line cousins are titled with terms intended for siblings. It is believed that in the twelfth century, during the Islamic invasion in India, Brahmins - Brahmans - emigrated to the western hills of Nepal. Even Khas/Parbatiyas who are today overwhelmingly consolidated into the four Varna structure, have been following Masto tradition since ancient times whereby Masta tutelary deities known as bange-masta, bahiramasta, thado-masta, bahra-masta, athahra-masta are invoked and worshipped. List of ethnic caste-groups in Nepal by population. Chhetri. Many of the modern surnames in the dictionary can be traced back to Britain and Ireland. Thus, while it may be true that today's Chhetri of Nepal branched off from the Khas, what has happened is that the descendants of the original Khas remained distinct, remote and deprived like other janajati groups of the country. Now knowing where you belong is not only important for the sake of your identity but also for the sake of preserving your cultural heritage as well.